A Comprehensive Guide to ACL Surgery

If you’re an active individual who loves sports or leads an active lifestyle, you may have heard of ACL surgery. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are quite common among athletes, and understanding the ins and outs of ACL surgery can be crucial if you’re dealing with such an injury or simply want to learn more about it. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into everything you need to know about ACL surgery, from what it is to the recovery process.

What is ACL Surgery?

ACL surgery, short for Anterior Cruciate Ligament surgery, is a medical procedure aimed at repairing a torn or injured ACL in the knee. The ACL is one of the four major ligaments that provide stability to the knee joint. It’s situated in the front of the knee and plays a vital role in maintaining knee stability during activities like running, jumping, and sudden changes in direction.

Indications for ACL Surgery

Not every ACL injury requires surgery, but in many cases, surgical intervention becomes necessary. Here are some common indications for ACL surgery:

• Complete ACL Tear:
  When the ACL is completely torn, surgery is often recommended to restore stability to the knee.
  
• High Activity Level:
  Individuals who engage in high-demand sports like soccer, basketball, or skiing may opt for surgery to return to their previous level of activity.
  
• Recurrent Instability:
  If the knee feels unstable after a non-surgical approach or physical therapy, surgery may be considered.

Types of ACL Surgery

There are two types of ACL surgery:

• ACL Reconstruction:
  ACL reconstruction surgery is the most common ACL surgery. It involves replacing the torn ACL with a graft, usually taken from the patient’s own patellar tendon or a cadaver donor.
  
• ACL Repair:
  In some cases, if the ACL tear is partial and located in a specific area, a surgeon may opt for ACL repair, where the torn ends are stitched together.

The ACL Surgery Procedure

ACL surgery is typically performed as an outpatient procedure and usually takes about one to two hours. Here’s a simplified overview of the surgery:

• Anaesthesia:
  The patient is put under either general anaesthesia or regional anaesthesia to numb the lower body.
• Incision:
  A small incision is made near the knee to access the ACL.
• Graft Placement:
  For ACL reconstruction, the graft is secured in place with screws or other fixation devices.
• Wound Closure:
  The incision is closed with stitches or staples.

Recovery Process

Recovery from ACL surgery is a gradual process that requires patience and dedication. Here are some key points about the recovery process:

• Physical Therapy
  Physical therapy is an essential part of recovery. It helps improve strength, range of motion, and stability in the knee.
  
• Weight-Bearing
  Patients are usually advised to avoid putting weight on the operated leg for a few weeks.
  
• Return to Sports
  Athletes can typically return to their respective sports within 6 to 9 months post-surgery, but it may vary depending on individual progress and the surgeon’s recommendations.
  
• Long-Term Outlook
  Successful ACL surgery can lead to a return to pre-injury activity levels, but the long-term outlook also depends on factors like rehabilitation compliance and the presence of any associated injuries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ACL surgery is a specialised procedure aimed at restoring knee stability and function after an ACL injury. It is a common choice for individuals who want to regain their active lifestyles or return to sports. Remember that the decision to undergo ACL surgery should be made in consultation with a qualified orthopaedic surgeon who can assess your specific condition and provide personalised recommendations. With proper care, rehabilitation, and determination, many individuals can make a full recovery and get back to doing the activities they love.

Frequently Asked Questions – ACL Surgery 

Can I return to sports after ACL surgery?

Many people can return to sports and other physical activities after ACL surgery, but it depends on the individual’s progress, the type of surgery, and the sport they play. Consult a doctor or physical therapist for guidance.

What can I do to prepare for ACL surgery?

Preparing for ACL surgery may include arranging for transportation home, preparing your home for recovery, and following any pre-operative instructions from your surgeon, such as fasting before surgery.

How long does ACL surgery take?

The duration of ACL surgery varies but generally takes around one to two hours, depending on the complexity of the procedure.

Can I walk after ACL surgery?
Yes, you can walk after ACL surgery, but it’s important to understand that walking will be limited and may initially require the use of crutches or a brace. 

What should I eat after ACL surgery?

A healthy diet that includes protein, carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables, as well as omega-3 fats from nuts, seeds and oils. Protein is especially important to help build muscle after surgery.